Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae)

Other Names: Cayenne Pepper, Chili, Pepperoni, Hot Pepper

Native to tropical America, chili pepper is now cultivated globally as an annual plant. This bushy perennial grows up to 70 centimeters tall, with slender stems bearing oval leaves. Its long, thin fruits, often called pepperoni, can reach up to 50 centimeters in some varieties. The fruits start green, turn orange, and ripen to bright red.

Parts for Use

Fruits

1. Fruits are harvested when ripe, from June to September.
2. They are dried at temperatures below 35°C and used in tinctures, powders, capsules, ointments, and balms.

Ingredients

The spicy flavor comes from capsaicinoids, primarily capsaicin, first isolated in 1876. Carotenoids (0.3–0.8%) give the fruits their color. Chili peppers are rich in vitamin C and contain saponins, which may have antibacterial properties.

Use in Treatment

Internally, chili pepper stimulates the digestive system, aiding in the treatment of indigestion, bloating, colic, and constipation. Externally, capsaicin reduces pain and inflammation in conditions such as lumbago, arthritis, muscle aches, joint pain, and skin irritation. Capsaicin improves circulation, promoting healing by removing toxins and delivering nutrients to affected areas. Applied to the scalp, chili pepper may help prevent hair loss. Its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, attributed to saponins, make it useful for gargling to treat sore throats.

Cultivation

Chili peppers thrive in greenhouses or sunny locations with temperatures above 18°C. Sow seeds in well-drained, nutrient-rich soil.

Preparation and Dosage

For Internal Use (Indigestion)

1. Tincture (1:20 in 60% alcohol): Take 0.3–1 ml three times daily.

For External Use (Muscle and Joint Pain, Skin Irritation, Frostbite, Sore Throat)

1. Creams, Ointments, Balms: Apply to the affected area 3–4 times daily.
2. Mouthwash (Sore Throat): Mix a pinch of ground chili pepper with 25 ml of lemon juice, add warm water and honey, and use as needed.

Warnings

1. Consult a healthcare professional before use.
2. Avoid chili pepper preparations during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
3. Do not use chili peppers concurrently with blood pressure-lowering medications or antidepressants.
4. Consult a doctor before use if you have stomach issues.
5. Do not apply chili peppers to broken skin.
6. Avoid contact with sensitive areas, such as eyes, nostrils, and lips.