Artichoke (Cynara scolymus Compositae/Asteraceae)

Native to the Mediterranean, artichokes are now cultivated throughout Western Europe. Valued as a vegetable since the 15th century, their medicinal properties were recognized in the 20th century. This herbaceous perennial has a thick, erect, furrowed stem, reaching up to 1.5 meters in height. Its large, serrated leaves are gray-green on the upper surface and whitish on the underside. Purple-green flowers, surrounded by fleshy bracts, bloom in summer.

Parts for Use

Leaves and Flowers

1. Leaves are harvested, dried, and used to make extracts, capsules, infusions, and tinctures.
2. Unopened flower heads and the fleshy part of the stem below them are prepared as vegetables.

Ingredients

Artichoke leaves are rich in organic and phenolic acids, particularly cynarin, as well as sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, potassium salts, provitamin A, and numerous enzymes.

Use in Treatment

Artichoke preparations are primarily used to treat digestive issues, particularly those related to the liver and gallbladder. German researchers have noted that flavonoids in artichoke leaves stimulate bile production and support liver cell regeneration. These flavonoids, along with sesquiterpene lactones, have been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels. Additionally, flavonoids and potassium salts act as diuretics, aiding kidney function and alleviating related issues.

Cultivation

Sow artichoke seeds in early spring in rich, well-drained soil in a sunny location. Protect the plant from frost during harsh winters.

Preparation and Dosage

For Internal Use (Liver, Kidney, Cholesterol, and Indigestion)

1. Infusion: Place 30 to 40 grams of dried leaves in one liter of boiling water, let stand for 10 minutes, strain, and drink three cups 15 to 20 minutes before meals.
2. Capsules (50 to 100 mg dry extract): Take one to two capsules two to three times daily before meals.
3. Capsules (300 mg dry extract): Take one capsule daily.
4. Tincture: Place 500 grams of dry leaves in one liter of alcohol, let stand for 15 days, then take 1 to 4 teaspoons with half a glass of water three times daily.

Warnings

1. Consult a healthcare professional before use.
2. Do not use artichoke preparations to treat gallstones.
3. Avoid artichoke during breastfeeding, as it may reduce milk production.
4. Sesquiterpene lactones may cause allergic reactions; avoid artichoke preparations if allergic.